السعديون وتفاعلات القوة في المغرب خلال القرن السادس عشر معركة وادي المخازن انموذجا

Abstract

The article examines the military and political transformations in Morocco during the period from the fifteenth to the seventeenth centuries, addressing the Saadian state and its conflicts with competing powers (Portuguese, Wattasids, and Ottomans). It analyzes the Saadian military organization and warfare techniques, highlighting the Ottoman influence on its structure and armament, particularly the adoption of the crescent formation. The research reveals the role of ethnic diversity (Andalusians, Turks, and European converts) in developing military capabilities, while monitoring the fluctuating role of local groups (Arabs, Zouaoua, and Cheragua). Through analyzing the Battle of Wadi Al-Makhazin (1578), the study illustrates the impact of firearms on mounted archer techniques and tactics, as well as documenting the decline of Andalusian influence in favor of Turks and Renegados.The article concludes by analyzing the challenges of armament and recruitment during the civil wars that followed Ahmad Al-Mansur's death in 1603, demonstrating the implications of Ottoman and European influences, along with internal divisions, on Morocco's military and political landscape.