المراسلة بين لويس التاسع و التتار من خلال مذكرات جان جوانـﭬيل المدونة دراسة تحليلية نقدية

Abstract

The Islamic nation has been plagued by many enemies and wars since the emergence of the Islamic call to this day. In the fifth century AH/ late eleventh century AD, Christian Europe organized crusades against the Arab region, called the Crusades or the Holy War. This war began with religious calls for which the papacy prepared in great numbers and with all its power. In fact, the declared goal was falsely and deceitfully to liberate Jerusalem from the clutches of the Muslims, according to what they said. These campaigns were a total of eight campaigns that lasted for two centuries (1096-1291 AD/490-690 AH), Among these campaigns was the Seventh Crusade, led by the French King Louis IX, which targeted Egypt and the Levant. The campaign was initially prepared and set out from France to Cyprus, where delegations and embassies began flocking to King Louis to form alliances. This included the Mongol embassy, which Joinville mentioned more than once in his memoirs. He explained the nature of this correspondence between the two sides and the resulting outcomes