التفكير العفوي لدى الطلبة المتميزين واقرانهم العاديين من المرحلة الاعدادية ( دراسة مقارنة)

Abstract

The research aims to identify . Spontaneous thinking among middle school students.1 . 2-The significance of statistical differences in spontaneous thinking according to the variables of study type (excellent - ordinary) and gender (male - female). . 3-To achieve the research objectives, the researcher constructed a spontaneous thinking scale according to Wendt's theory (2007) after following the scientific steps in its construction and verifying the apparent validity and construct validity. The reliability was verified by the retest method, as the reliability coefficient in the retest method reached (87%), while the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability reached (79%). The researcher applied the research scale to the research sample, which consisted of (400) male and female students from the distinguished students and their normal peers from the preparatory stage in the central district of Baqubah, after they were selected using the stratified random method with proportional distribution and using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), and processing the study data statistically using statistical methods (t-test for one sample, t-test for two independent samples, Pearson's correlation coefficient, standard error equation for measurement, t-test for the significance of the correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha equation, multiple regression analysis). The research reached the following results: The research sample members exhibit spontaneous thinking.1 2.There are statistically significant differences in spontaneous thinking according to the variables of study type (excellent - ordinary), which is in favor of ordinary students, and gender (male - female), which is in favor of females. In light of the results, the research came up with several proposals and recommendation