التوجهات الاقتصادية للعراق في ظل سلطة الائتلاف المؤقتة 2003 - 2004 .

Abstract

During the era of the Coalition Provisional Authority (2003–2004), Iraq underwent fundamental transformations in its economic orientation. The Authority sought to redirect Iraq’s economic trajectory from a centrally planned model that had dominated in previous decades toward an open-market system based on free-market principles. These shifts were implemented under the direct supervision of the occupying authority, represented by the civilian administrator Paul Bremer, who aimed to restructure the Iraqi economy. The key features of this period included efforts to reduce the role of the state in the economy, open the country to foreign investment, and reform the legal and legislative framework to align with the requirements of a market economy. Steps were also taken toward the privatization of several public sectors and the reorganization of the banking system. Despite the ostensibly reformist nature of these policies, they sparked significant controversy both within Iraq and internationally. Critics argued that the policies lacked national legitimacy, having been enacted under conditions of occupation and the absence of national sovereignty and security. These factors negatively impacted the effectiveness of the economic reforms and hindered their ability to foster sustainable development or create a balanced economic environment during this transitional phase. Furthermore, the economic orientations of the Authority aligned closely with the agendas of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.