تحليل الخصائص الطبوغرافية لحوض وادي كوران باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية(GIS)

Abstract

Advanced technologies are considered essential tools in natural studies, particularly in modern geomorphological research. This study aims to analyze the topographic characteristics of the Wadi Koran basin using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), by extracting key topographic indices and examining their spatial variation across different parts of the basin. The study found that the research area is covered by four geological formations. Alluvial fan deposits occupy an area of 14.12 km², representing 8.65% of the total area, while depression-fill deposits cover 2.68 km², accounting for 1.64%. As for the Mesozoic era (Cretaceous period), two formations are present in the study area: the Qamchuqa Formation, which covers 79.09 km² (48.46%), and the Sarmord Formation, with an area of 67.31 km² (41.24%). The longitudinal profile of the basin extends from the source to the outlet, with a total length of 24.12 km, and elevations exceeding 1800 meters. The basin is characterized by steep slopes in its upper western parts, gradually decreasing toward the outlet. A concave slope is observed in the southern parts, followed by a more regular pattern. Regarding the cross-sections, the first cross-section has a length of 5.85 km and an elevation of 1200 meters, extending from the western to the eastern part of the basin. The second cross-section extends for 9.66 km with an elevation of 1900 meters, showing gentle slopes at the البداية, followed by steep slopes—particularly at a point resembling the shape of the number (7), indicating a concave slope—before rising again. The study recommends updating geological maps and improving the accuracy of structural analysis. It also emphasizes the importance of fieldwork to verify map data, especially in areas characterized by complex folds and faults.