الأحرف العشرون منظومة في معاني حروف الجر (دراسة وتحقيق) للعلامة أحمد بن موسى بن أحمد البيلي الأزهري (ت 1213 هـ)

Abstract

Praise be to Allah who raised the scholars, and placed them on the thrones of glory and leadership, and made them drag the tails of pride, and break the darkness of ignorance with their enlightening letters, and may Allah's prayers and peace be upon our beloved Muhammad, his family, his companions, and those who follow his path until the Day of Judgment. Now then:

Prepositions are the most frequently used letters in speech, which makes them of great importance in constructing Arabic speech, and they are very common in the Holy Quran and the Noble Hadith, which makes knowing their meanings an important pillar of the pillars of interpreting the Quran and explaining the Sunnah, whichِ is what the knowledge of the Wise Lawgiver's intent in His texts is based on. The honor of knowledge stems from the honor of its subject.

For the above, our scholars paid great attention to studying the meanings of prepositions, and they wrote many books on them, both in poetry and prose, not to mention their reference to them and their meanings in every book of grammar and letters that grammatical composition witnessed in our civilization.

It is known to investigators that one of the most difficult tasks in investigation is the issue of controlling the poems; This is because it requires a metrical control that supports morphological and syntactic control; because scientific systems are characterized by a language that is deviant even from the language of poetry, which is deviant from the language of prose; the language in poetry has a special feature from the language of prose, because it contains deviation from directness and reporting as a result of its submission to the authority of meter and rhyme, with what they impose of restrictions on freedom of expression. Scientific systems have their own language that restricts them more than poetry, because they involve conveying scientific content in the form of specific information controlled by the rule of science, not launched with the launch of literature, so it does not have the launch and freedom of poetry. Among the other deviations facing the language of the rajaz is that the rajaz meter bears many deviations and defects, so it is distinct from the system in any of the other Khalilian meters of poetry. The language of scientific rajaz is a deviation from a deviation from a deviation, as it is a shift from prose to poetry, a shift from poetry to educational poetry, and a shift from educational poetry to educational rajaz. Which requires a comprehensive knowledge of the language, including morphology, syntax, prosody, and semantics.

I have chosen the poem  The Twenty Letters  by the scholar Ahmad bin Musa bin Ahmad al-Bayli al-Azhari (d. 1214 AH = 1799 AD) to be the subject of investigation and study, and we are trying to present it - God willing - in the most beautiful form. We have relied on two versions in its investigation, the Al-Azhar version and the Dar al-Kutub version, and we have divided the work into two parts: the first part