أثر برنامج إرشادي بأسلوب إعادة البنية المعرفية في تنمية التفاؤل المكتسب لدى طالبات المرحلة المتوسطة)

Abstract

The current study aims to investigate the effect of a counseling program based on the cognitive restructuring approach in enhancing learned optimism among intermediate school female students. A review of the relevant literature and previous studies addressing learned optimism led to the construction of a learned optimism scale. The researchers adopted the definition provided by Seligman (1990) to develop the scale scenarios, resulting in a final version comprising 23 items. For the purpose of the study, the researchers designed a counseling program based on the cognitive restructuring approach as presented by Borders and Drury (1992). The program was administered to the experimental group in 12 counseling sessions, delivered twice a week, with each session lasting 45 minutes- except for the introductory session, which lasted 50 minutes. The data were analyzed using SPSS software along with a range of statistical methods. The results revealed that the counseling program based on cognitive restructuring had a significant impact on enhancing learned optimism among intermediate school female students. In light of these findings, the researchers presented several recommendations and suggestions