مقارنة الفلسفة التربوية العربية والأمريكية في القرن العشرين

Abstract

The research aimed to conduct a comparative study between Arab and American educational philosophy in the twentieth century, and addressed two main topics. The first topic reviewed the concept of education as a social process aimed at developing the individual and society, and the philosophy of education that determines the intellectual foundations and educational goals. It also discussed the influence of the philosophy of society in shaping educational philosophy. As for the second topic, it compared Arab and American educational philosophy through several axes. Arab philosophy was based on Islamic heritage and Arab values, while American philosophy relied on liberal and secular principles. The goals of Arab education focused on building an integrated personality spiritually, mentally and physically, while American education aimed to prepare the individual for practical life and enhance critical thinking. The curricula differed between focusing on religious subjects and literature in the Arab system, and applied sciences and technology in the American system. Finally, the research discussed challenges, such as the impact of colonialism on Arab education and class differences in the United States. The research found significant differences between the two philosophies, despite their similarity in seeking to achieve individual and societal development. It recommended the need to develop Arab educational systems to integrate traditional values and modern technologies, to achieve a balance between cultural identity and the requirements of the era.