إشكاليةُ العلاقة بين العقل والنقل في الفكر الإسلامي الحديث نماذجُ مختارة

Abstract

This study addresses the problem of the relationship between reason (ʿaql) and revelation/transmission (naql) as a central, recurring question in Islamic thought that has moved from its classical theological formulation to a modern one shaped by the encounter with Western modernity and the question of renaissance. Its hypothesis is that the alleged "conflict" between reason and revelation is not a problem in itself so much as a symptom of prior problems in defining what "reason" and "revelation" mean and in delimiting the domain and authority of each. Employing historical, critical-analytical, and case-study methods, the study traces the problem through the theological schools (the traditionists, the Ashʿarīs, the Māturīdīs, and the philosophers), examines Ibn Taymiyya's resolution in Darʾ Taʿāruḍ al-ʿAql wa-l-Naql, and then analyzes six modern thinkers: Muḥammad ʿAbduh, Muḥammad Iqbāl, Mālik Bennabi, Ṭāhā ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir ibn ʿĀshūr, and Yūsuf al-Qaraḍāwī. It concludes that modern trends range between a conciliatory rationalism that nearly dissolves revelation into reason and a critical, foundational project that reconstructs reason itself on ethical and logical bases distinct from modern Enlightenment reason, and that the soundest path is one that prevents conflict at the outset by defining both terms and their domains.