“Jeopardous Life VS. Secure Death: Predetermination about Life in Hardy’s “To an Unborn Pauper Child” خطر العيش ام الموت الآمن: الرؤيا المستقبلية للحياة في "الي الطفل الفقير الذي لم يولد بعد لثوماس هاردي

الملخص

Women issues and the cost of living in the late Victorians and the beginning of the twentieth century were the most atrocious facts, that divided the inhabitants. The late Victorian age was the age of contradiction because huge enhancements in industrialism took place besides penury and devastation exhausted the individuals emotionally as well as recorded a high standard. Thus, writers highly foreground the dark side of the age especially: child labour and women's issues. This study, “Jeopardous Life VS. Secure Death: Predetermination about Life in Hardy’s To an Unborn Pauper Child” explores the factors behind the sufferings of the people in the Victorian era. Hence, the claim of the paper is; that life in the late Victorian era became too severe, and people found death shelter compared with the atrocity of life they lived in. The paper will also explore how and to what degree the proletariat was exploited by capitalists in this era. Thomas Hardy is regarded as the most pessimistic writer of the late era and the early twentieth century. His writings are imbued with melancholy, sighs and disappointment about the establishment of humanism in the universe.

He intensely rebukes humans for practicing savagery, bloodshed and non-humanistic traits that they practice on earth. He, as well, criticizes the system of his society for it included so many bad principles. Thus, the paper illustrates to what extent he could depict the calamities of his own society. More importantly, the paper seeks the answer to why Hardy presupposes and predetermines a hazardous life for an unborn child and it wants to realize Hardy’s pessimism towards life and his hopelessness towards humankind in the earth. Hardy believes that; the Victorian era was a non-humanistic environment, allotted no value to humans and they were treated as tool in the factories. The focus was on working and materialism while neglecting the emotional side and spirituality. Therefore, the study argues that; the predicaments of the life of the people in the Victorian age especially women had made them develop the sense of preferring death to such a hazardous life.